Which components often have firmware that contains code to perform their specific functions?

• A. Modules
• B. Technical Testing
• C. Financial Risk
• D. Vendor Lock-in

Answer: (A)

Firmware is the specialized software stored on hardware that directly controls how a device operates. Components built as modules—such as hardware expansion cards, network modules, or other integrated units—often include firmware to perform their specific functions. That firmware contains the code that initializes the hardware, handles input and output, implements features, and allows the module to respond to commands without needing changes to the physical hardware.

The other options aren’t hardware components with embedded control code. Technical Testing refers to a process, Financial Risk is a domain, and Vendor Lock-in describes a business situation. While they relate to security in different ways, they don’t typically contain firmware that executes a device’s functions.