What term refers to a value calculated from data to detect errors or tampering?

• A. Hash
• B. Checksum
• C. Digital Signature
• D. Encryption

Answer: (B)

Calculating a value from data to verify integrity and detect tampering is what a checksum does. A checksum is a compact value produced from the data, which can be recalculated later and compared to the original to reveal errors that occurred during transmission or storage. It’s a simple method focused on ensuring data hasn’t been corrupted. Encryption hides content, and a digital signature provides authentication and non-repudiation, not basic error detection. A hash can also detect changes, but checksums are the classic term for this straightforward error-detection mechanism.